(bottom row, from left) Varahi, Aindri, Chamunda or Kali (drinking the demon's blood), Ambika. She is called Kālarātri (literally, "dark blue night") and appears to the Pandava soldiers in dreams, until finally, she appears amidst the fighting during an attack by Drona's son Ashwatthama.Ī painting made in Nepal depicting the Goddess Ambika Leading the Eight Matrikas in Battle Against the Demon Raktabīja, Folio from a Devi Mahatmya – (top row, from the left) the Matrikas – Narasimhi, Vaishnavi, Kumari, Maheshvari, Brahmi. Kāli appears in the verse of the Mahabharata (10.8.64). Her dark sheath becomes Kausiki, who while enraged, creates Kali. Parvati performs austerities to lose her dark complexion and becomes Gauri, the golden one. When Shiva addresses Parvati as Kali, "the dark blue one", she is greatly offended. The Vamana Purana has a different version of Kali's relationship with Parvati. Her bloodlust gets out of control, only calming when Shiva intervenes. Parvati merges with Shiva's body, reappearing as Kali to defeat Daruka and his armies. The Linga Purana describes Shiva asking Parvati to defeat the demon Daruka, who received a boon that would only allow a female to kill him. Parvati is typically portrayed as a benign and friendly goddess. Other origin stories involve Parvati and Shiva. Kinsley writes that Kali represents "Durga's personified wrath, her embodied fury". Kali eventually defeats him by sucking his blood before it can reach the ground, and eating the numerous clones. Countless Raktabija clones appear on the battlefield. Later in the same battle, the demon Raktabija is undefeated because of his ability to reproduce himself from every drop of his blood that reaches the ground.
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Kali's appearance is dark blue, gaunt with sunken eyes, and wearing a tiger skin sari and a garland of human heads. Durga responds with such anger it causes her face to turn dark, resulting in Kali appearing out of her forehead.
Chanda and Munda attack the goddess Durga. In later chapters, the story of two demons who were destroyed by Kali can be found. When Madhu and Kaitabha were enchanted by Mahakali, but Vishnu killed them. After a long battle with Lord Vishnu when the two demons were undefeated Mahakali took the form of Mahamaya to enchant the two asuras. When Vishnu woke up he started a war against the two demons. The deity of the first chapter of Devi Mahatmyam is Mahakali, who appears from the body of sleeping Vishnu as goddess Yoga Nidra to wake him up in order to protect Brahma and the World from two demons, Madhu and Kaitabha. Her most well-known appearance is on the battlefield in the sixth century Devi Mahatmyam. Īccording to David Kinsley, Kāli is first mentioned in Hindu tradition as a distinct goddess around 600 AD, and these texts "usually place her on the periphery of Hindu society or on the battlefield." : 70 She is often regarded as the Shakti of Shiva, and is closely associated with him in various Puranas. Origins Īlthough the word Kālī appears as early as the Atharva Veda, the first use of it as a proper name is in the Kathaka Grhya Sutra (19.7). Kālī is also the feminine form of Kāla (an epithet of Shiva) and thus the consort of Shiva.
She is called Kali Mata ("the dark mother") and also kālī which can be read here either as a proper name or as a description "the dark or black one". The homonym kāla (appointed time) is distinct from kāla (black), but these became associated through popular etymology. By extension, time as "changing aspect of nature that bring things to life or death". Kālī is the feminine form of "time" or "the fullness of time" with the masculine noun "kāla", which is a name of Shiva.